0061 Chapter four introduces two apparently successful attempts to construct value_2b in the post-truth condition.  Value_2band credentials_2b are not identical.  But, they do not contradict one another.  They both fit into the slot for the situation-level actuality.

The two successful attempts are capitalism and scientism.

0062 I start with capitalism.  Capitalism substitutes the institution of the market_3b for the situation-level forum for discourse_3b.  Shall I say that money talks?  What is money saying?  It is formalizing knowledge as price_1b.

Here is a picture of the resulting interscope.

0063 Of course, the experts_3b are all about the market, but certain other elements stand out.

Yes, some elements stand out in comparison to other elements.

In the following figure, I put boxes around the most illuminating elements.

I call the result, “the questionable box of capitalism”.

0064 For Americans, the questionable box of capitalism has been a field of intense investigation by academics promoting both capitalism (as a materialist ideology that opposes communism) and the conceptual structure of social construction.

Why “social construction”?

I ask, “What creates value_2b?  How can the term, ‘value’_2b, occupy the slot for actuality₂ on the level that corresponds to actuality_b, when value_2b seems to be anything but actual?”

Maybe, I can look at the four corners of the box.

The four elements that characterize the questionable box are the capitalist one_3c, opportunity_1c, intellect_3a and will_1a.

Maybe, they create value_2b.

0065 But, does the box contain the actualities of success_2c and diverse facts and claims_2a that virtually contextualizes and virtually underlies value_2b?

What a questionable box!

When I look into the box, I see that the normal context of the market_3b brings the actuality of value_2b into relation with the potential of price_1b.

0066 According to Fuller, when Count Saint-Simon (1760-1825 AD) challenges the game of the capitalist one by promoting what he calls “socialism”.  He tries to re-enact Plato’s truth-regime as an alternative to the then-current unregulated market in capitalist sophistry.

Yes, the capitalists, like the sophists, promote minimal, but clear constraints.  Each individual may promote his or her own rightfulness, as long as others are not directly harmed and the social order is not disturbed.

No, the socialists, like the Platonists, proclaim the righteousness of order in conjunction with… you know… um… other manifestations of righteousness.  If I declare that these other manifestations of righteousness are “true”, then I can see why Fuller welcomes the post-“truth” condition.

0067 Here is the even more questionable box of socialism.

Order_3b, value_2b and righteousness_1b govern the will_1a and the intellect_3a.  They define opportunity_1c in the regime of the socialist one_3c.

0068 Chapter four is wonderful.  Fuller’s prose carries the reader on a rollercoaster of ideas, where each sudden twist and change of direction leaves unexplored territory.  I wonder, “What would Fuller say, had he not fashioned a turn at that particular moment?”  Further exploration is suspended.  But, I retain a snapshot of the Count Saint-Simon turn, and it looks like this.

How do capitalist and socialist ones_3c exclude one another?

Each dwells within its own questionable box. 

Inside its respective box, each conjures its own expertise.

0069 On the cover of Fuller’s small paperback, a drawing of the head of a rabbit (or is it a duck?) appears.  Well, if I see the drawing as a rabbit, then the figure is a rabbit.  If I see the drawing as a duck, then the figure is a duck.

Taking the word, “value_2b“, in the preceding figure, as the drawing, then the normal contexts of market_3b and order_3b are like gestalt recognitions for their respective potentials, price_1b (which, to me, is like a rabbit) and righteousness_1b (which, to me, is like a duck).  And if what is inside the questionable box changes, so does the box.

0070 Does that mean that the forty-year conflict, The Third Battle Among The Enlightenment Gods, The Cold War Between Materialist Ideologies (1945-1989 AD) can be reduced to a contest between The Packaging of the Rabbit and The Packaging of the Duck?

According to the nature of gestalts, opportunity_1c resides in fixating on one or the other party, because that leads to an actionable judgment_2c, which is the very definition of success_2c to the relativist one_3c, who really does not care whether it carries the banner of the rabbit or the duck, as long as it_3c is the one who is in charge of actualizing the judgment_2c.

0071 At this point, I return to the two elements that stand outside the questionable boxes of capitalism and socialism.

Success_2c and diverse facts and claims_2a are the two elements for capitalism that are not built into the box of questionability.

0072 In the capitalist game, success is capital_2b defined, in the old fashioned way, as “money” (however one wants to define the word, “money”).  That is not questionable, is it?

Those with money_2c aim to use that money to obtain more money_2c.  In this regards, money_2c defines the capitalist_2c.  On the crappy-player level, people ask, “What do I need to do to earn a living?”  What is a living?  Well, it is certainly not absolute devotion to money, that is for sure.  Life is all about adventures and friends and romance and babies and growing old and dying nobly.  How do you put a price on that?

Can I sell you simulated versions of these items?

0073 So, how am I supposed to make a living?

This question does not concern the elements that compose the questionable box.  This question concerns my participation in capitalism.  I am within a post-truth game, trying to make my way.

The employment of capital_2c by those with capital_2c is like an interventional sign-vehicle (SV_i) that cannot be directly witnessed by any scrappy player, except in so far as it manifests as action.  Action implies that a judgment has been made.  Look in the want ads.  Look what other people are doing.  I hear that someone is hiring down the street.  To the scrappy player, that judgment_2c stands for a pursuit of success_2a, a project_2a or something to do_2a, that defines “success_2a” as getting ahead (that is, making a good living) (SO_i), according to the intellect_3a operating on the will_1a (and remember that reason is the employment of intellect_3a and will_1a) (SI_i).

0074 Uh-oh.  Am I suddenly talking about sign-relations?

A sign-vehicle (SV) stands for a sign-object (SO) in regards to a sign-interpretant (SI).

The interventional sign-relation is counterintuitive, to say the least.

0075 The interventional sign vehicle (SV_i) is an actionable judgment_2c (capital is put into action) that stands for opinions about what I need to do_2a (SO_i) in regards to the intellect_3a operating on the will_1a (SI_i).

I may ask the opinions of others_2a (SO_i).  I may have my own opinions_2a (SO_i).  Furthermore, I can discern the intellects_3a and wills_1a (SI_i) of myself and those around me.  But, I cannot actually see the sign-vehicle (SV_i), because it_2cresides on the perspective level. It is as if…

The interventional sign-vehicle (SV_i) dwells inside someone’s head.  It is mind-dependent.

But, it_2c (SV_i) is mind-independent as well.

A judgment_2c leads to actions (SV_i), and because these actions become the source of various opinions, the interventional sign-object (SO_i) comes into being through the working of people’s reason_3a,1a (SI_i).  These opinions_2a (SO_i) are about the possibility of ‘something happening’_1a in the normal context of what is happening_3a (SI_i).  These opinions_2a frame perceptions based on imagination working with the question, “What does this mean to me?”.  And, sometimes, these opinions_2a will weigh one’s impressions and one’s perceptions, while asking, “Does this make sense?”

I suppose that this is the way that humans think.

What is happening (SI_i1)?

What does it mean to me (SI_i2)?

Does this make sense (SI_i3)?

0076 Overall, the interventional sign-relation is the inverse of how a sign-relation ought to be.

For familiar sign-relations, the sign-vehicle is mind-independent and its sign-object is mind-dependent.

Here is an example of a specifying sign-relation.  The expert says that opinions about what people think that they need to do_2a (SV_s) stands for value_2b (SO_s) in regards to the market_3b operating on the potential of pricing_1b (SI_s).

0077 Here is a picture of a capitalist expert’s specifying sign-relation.

Note how the specifying sign-vehicle (SV_s) is mind-independent phenomena (what people say_2a) of a mind-dependent noumenon (SO_i) (what people think_2a).

0078 Let me dwell on two points (A and B).

0079 First (A), the post-truth condition, as we currently experience it, involves a frustrating inability of the expert to situate the scrappy player.  The situation level finds it difficult to virtually situate the content level.

One of the reasons comes from the structure of the questionable box of capitalism.  Two elements are not included, because these two elements assume the box without question (and that assumption is, of course, questionable).  The perspective-level actuality of success_2c turns out to be the sign-vehicle (SV_i) and the content-level actuality of what people say_2a turns out to be the sign-object (SO_i) of an interventional sign-relation, which the most upside-down sign-relation that one can imagine.

0080 Interventional and specifying sign-relations are discussed in Razie Mah’s blogs at the end of 2023 and the start of 2024, starting in earnest with Looking at John Deely’s Book (2010) “Semiotic Animal” (October 2023) and Looking atDaniel Dennett’s Book (2017) “From Bacteria, To Bach and Back” (December 2023).  Two commentaries that may be of interest are Comments on Sasha Newell’s Article (2018) “The Affectiveness of Symbols” and Comments on Michael Tomasello’s Arc of Inquiry (1999-2019) by Razie Mah, available at smashwords and other e-book venues.

0081 If the post-truth condition is working appropriately, then capitalist experts_3b on the situation-level can say how price_1b (SI_s) reflects various opinions_2a (SV_s) in the normal context of a market_3b (SI_s).  The assertion (SO_s) is perceived as value_2b.  The easily recognized specifying sign-relation says, “Opinions_2a (SV_s) stand for value_2b (SO_s) in regards to the specification of price_1b within an open (unregulated) market_3b (SI_s).”

But, experts_3b are not looking at all opinions_2a.  They observe and measure only a small selection of opinions_2a.  In particular, they register only those opinions_2a that are relevant to building a model of value_2b.  They call the relevant opinions, “phenomena_2a“.

0082 An exemplar sign-relation follows the specifying sign-relation. Expertise-acknowledged value_2b (SV_e) is placed into perspective by the capitalist one_3c operating on the possibilities inherent in opportunity_1c (SI_e), resulting in capital formation or destruction_2c (SO_e).  Value_2b (SV_e) stands for success or failure_2c (SO_e) in regards to a capitalist_3coperating on the basis of opportunity_1c (SI_e).

Success or failure_2c entails a judgment about whether the organization has capital or not, and what to do about it.

0083 Here is a picture of the capitalist box of the post-truth condition operating at face value.  Experts_b virtually emerge from (and situate) what people think_2a and explicitly model value_2b.  Then, expert valuations_2b are contextualized as opportunities_1c by those_3c with capital_2c.

A specifying sign-relation feeds into an exemplar sign-relation.

0084 Second (B), even though the interscope for socialism and capitalism look very similar, the expert level is significantly different.  Order_3b (the potential underlying the state) is and is not like a market_3b.  Righteousness_1b (the potential underlying an institution within the state) is and is not like price_1b.  Finally, value_2b does not arise from the potential of price_1b.  Instead, value_2b arises from the potential of righteousness_1b.

0085 Now I wonder, does success_2c for the socialist one_3c remain the same as capital_2c? 

I suppose that depends on how one defines the word, “capital”.

Reframing of the word, “capital”, occurs in all ongoing post-truth global projects, as seen in Comments on Daniel Estulin’s Book (2021) “2045 Global Projects At War”.  A promo for this commentary appears in Razie Mah’s blog for the latter half of January 2023.

0086 I continue to examine chapter four.

What about science?

What is valuable in science?

Surely, mathematical and mechanical models are valuable to science.

Mathematical and mechanical models figure prominently in the empirio-schematic judgment.

Models are what ought to be.

0087 The empirio-schematic judgment is initially diagrammed in Comments on Jacques Maritain’s Book (1935) Natural Philosophy, as an element of the more encompassing Positivist’s judgment.

Here is a picture.

0088 A judgment is a triadic relation with three elements: relation, what ought to be and what is.

When each element is assigned a unique Peircean category, then the judgment becomes actionable.

Actionable judgments “unfold” into category-based nested forms.

So the above diagram translates into, “Disciplinary language (relation, thirdness) brings mechanical and mathematical models (what ought to be, secondness) into relation with observations and measurements of phenomena (what is,firstness).”

0089 Can I disperse the three… er four?… maybe five… elements in the preceding diagram into the interscope for the post-truth condition?

Here is my guess.

0090 On, the content level, the term, “phenomena_2a“, is placed, like a mask, over diverse opinions about what is going on.  How is this accomplished?  Well, phenomena_2a are the observable and measurable facets of a noumenon, a thing itself, which is supposed to be what all those unscientific opinions fixate on.

On the situation level, observations and measurements_1b constitute the potential_1b that characterizes phenomena_2a.

Tautologies can be handy.

Phenomena_2a are those features of all the opinions expressed by all sorts of people_2a which have the potential of being observed and measured_1b as phenomena_2a.

0091 On the situation level, disciplinary language_3b may occupy the same position as the expert_3b.  Does one displace the other?  Or does an imaginative comparison of disciplinary language_3b and experts_3b suggest that the unfolded empirio-schematic nested form (on the situation level) is a variation of the nested form for certified expertise (also on the situation level)?

Here is the comparison.

0092 On the perspective level, one may wonder, “How can the empirio-schematic judgment as a judgment virtually contextualize the empirio-schematic judgment as a category-based nested form?  Isn’t there some sort of conflict of interest?  Or is this another one of those tautologies that are ready at hand?”

0093 Well, there is a trick.

The empirio-schematic judgment is actionable because each element is assigned to a unique Peircean category and, therefore, it can unfold into a category-based nested form.

Plus, the empirio-schematic judgment occupies the slot for what ought to be in the Positivist’s judgment.

0094 So, the empirio-schematic judgment as what ought to be in the Positivist’s judgment (on the perspective level) can virtually contextualize the empirio-schematic judgment as a category-based nested form (on the situation level).

Here is a picture of the Positivist’s judgment.

0095 The positivist intellect has a rule, “Metaphysics is not allowed.”  This mandate governs the situation level and assists in differentiating phenomena_2a from the thing itself_2a.  Phenomena_2a cannot be regarded as metaphysical, while the noumenon_2a (things that ordinary people are talking about) is commonly regarded in terms of outlawed metaphysical formal and final causalities.  In other words, a lot of things that people say_2a are ignored by the observations and measurements_1b of various experts_3b.  If an opinion_2a smacks of metaphysical connotations, or does not pertain to what contributes to the construction of a model, then it cannot be regarded as phenomena_2a.

0096 Now, at the risk of overcrowding a diagram, I can place this nuanced explanation for why an actuality that looks like the empirio-schematic judgment_2c can contextualize the situation-level unfolded empirio-schematic judgment in the interscope for the post-truth condition.

Here is a picture.

0097 Well, let me go back to the original interscope.

The perspective-level actuality_2c looks a little awkward.  Do I put the term, “empirio-schematic judgment_2c” or “what ought to be of the Positivist’s judgment_2c“?

How about “a triadic relation that ought to be empirio-schematic_2c“?

Well, my solution is presented below in the cross of the positivist intellect.

0098 I ask, “Does this look anything like the questionable box of capitalism?”

The questionable box is presented below.

0099 Clearly, the answer is “no”.

Well, then, I ask, “Is there anything striking about a comparison?”

Clearly, the answer is “yes”.

The positivist cross is strong in regards to the perspective and content level actualities, precisely where highlights of the capitalist box are weak.  The capitalist box is strong with respect to the perspective and content level normal contexts and potentials, where the positivist cross is weak.

Does that mean that the positivist’s cross and the capitalist box complement one another?

Yes, indeed, the complementarity suggests an alliance between situation-level category-based nested forms.

0100 Here is a picture.

0101 In this alliance, market_3b and disciplinary language_3b align.  Discourse about the market_3b takes on the character of a scientific disciplinary language_3b.

0102 This alliance manufactures models_3b that define valuations_2b as if price_1b is an apparatus for observing and measuring_1b phenomena_2a, consisting of opinions and facts_2a that… um… somehow determine or influence prices_1b.  If an opinion or a fact does not (somehow) convert into a price_1b, then that opinion is disregarded by the capitalist expert_3b.

An opinion or a fact_2a can be converted into a price_1b, that can be modeled_2b, according to the disciplinary languages_3bof some sales department, thereby creating opportunity_1c in offering added value_2b to a process_1b that maximizes success_2c for the capitalist one_3c.  Success_2c moves the inquirer from phenomena_2a to commitment_2c (that is, a market purchase).

In short, science and capitalism mesh in a psychometric inquiry into how to induce people to make a market purchase.

0103 Yes, forget religion!  Where is the money in that?

On second thought, how can one convert belief_2a into a price_1b?  Pay for pray?  Exactly what are we supposed to reckon as phenomena_2a?  Shall I ask the experts on marketing, sales, finance, accounting and so on?  What fits the empirio-schematics?

Success_2c for the capitalist one_3c consists of something that seems to correspond to what ought to be (secondness) in the Positivist’s judgment.

At, the same time, success_2c has the character of the positivist intellect.  Why?  Metaphysics is not allowed.

So, maybe I can oversimplify by saying, “Capital_2c is a way of doing things that works… or… I should say… makes money.”

0104 Does this exercise of the scientific capitalist correspond to one portion of the title of chapter five of Fuller’s book?

That must be the “marketization of everything” portion.

0105 What about the “public relations as post-truth politics” portion?

Ah, there is another alliance.  This time the alliance is between the situation-level for the socialist one and the empirio-schematic judgment unfolded onto the situation level.

Does this alignment between science and socialism constitute the psychometric science of inducing people to buy into a political agenda?

0106 If so, then what does the public relations expert_3b regard as phenomena_2a?

An opinion or a fact_2a can be converted into a righteousness_1b, that can be modeled_2b, according to the disciplinary language_3b of a department of political “whatever”, who finds opportunity_1c in demonstrating value_2b with a process that maximizes success_2c in moving someone from phenomena_2a to commitment_2c (that is, a political buy-in).

0107 So, what about a Christian who longs to save his soul from damnation?

Well, the expert at propaganda may regard this particular opinion_2a as phenomena_2a for a model_2b that transforms longing for personal salvation_2a into political action_2b by promoting_3b the notion_1b that funding a particular government program devoted to poverty_2b is an expression of Christian charity_1b, rather than a government policy_2c devoted to maintaining a political order_3b that deprives poor souls_2a of economic opportunities_1c and convinces them_3a that they are so worthless that this state-funded program is their only hope_1a.

Does that one sentence cover all the bases?

0108 Of course, these two alliances do not do justice to chapter five, whose full title is “Public Relations as Post-truth Politics, Or the Marketisation of Everything”.

Yet, they do add a disturbing twist.

Capital expertise goes with marketization.  Marketization constellates the capitalist one_3c.  Success_2c is a judgment leading to a purchase.  Experts are certified in sales, marketing, advertising and so on.

Social expertise goes with politicization.  Politicization constellates the socialist one_3c. Success_2c is a judgment leading to a political commitment.  Experts are certified in political science, social work and a myriad of other specialties.

Both constitute questionable boxes whose contents can hybridize with the positivist cross of scientism. 

109 When that happens, the actionable judgment_2c takes the essence (as well as the esse_ce) of an empirio-schematic judgment.

But, it_2c is not empirio-schematic.  It_2c is empirio-normative.

It_2c confounds what ought to be for the Positivist’s judgment with the structure of the empirio-schematic judgment.

Plus, it_2c acts in the service of a relativist one_3c.

0110 So, how is the fusion of capitalist and socialist expertise_3b with scientific disciplinary language_3b disturbing?

Remember the three battles among the enlightenment gods?

Their nominal dates are first, 1914 to 1918, second, 1938-1945 and third 1945-1989 AD.

The very last one was a cold, proxy-annihilating, contest between two materialist ideologies which could be labeled “capitalism” and “socialism”.

0111 These labels apply to the perspective-level normal contexts of interscopes containing two very different situation-level category-based nested forms.

Now (I am just wondering), if a hybridization of both the capitalist and the socialist questionable boxes and the positivist cross characterizes the post-truth condition that Fuller identifies, then doesn’t that imply that another battle among enlightenment gods is upon us?

Thank God, my bladder is empty!

Say nothing of my rectum.

0112 Okay, let me calm down and think about a scientific capitalist hybridization.

Here is a guess at what the perspective-level actionable judgment_2c might be for a person_3a,1a caught in the scientific capitalist one’s interscope.

A way of talking about a product that makes the client feel more valuable (which sounds like “marketing”; relation,thirdness,) brings observations of a client’s opinions (as well as others, including the general public; what is, firstness) into relation with a campaign leading a client to make a purchase (based on a psychometric model; what ought to be,secondness).

0113 Okay, that does not seem as potentially horrifying as the stories that the USSR told about the USA during the Cold War.

0114 Chapter six of Fuller’s book offers an example for a scientific socialist hybridization.

Perhaps, this one is more unsettling.

The example is an article by Byran Van Norden, appearing in a New York Times philosophy column in 2018. This article is acclaimed by the American Philosophy Association in 2019.  (Then, COVID-19 comes to America in 2020.)

Fuller chooses this thought-piece because it displays the post-truth condition as (1) a contest over what is true and false concerning knowledge and (2) a dispute over the ways that matters are to be decided.

0115 Does that indicate that Fuller uses Norden’s opinion piece as a phenomenon that can be observed and included in a model of the post-truth condition?

Uh-oh.

0116 May I summarize Norden’s argument, as reported by Fuller?

Norden presents a complaint by expertise_3b to the court of the relativist one_3c.

There is a problem.  And perhaps, one of the problems with my account of the problem is… um… me.  I am not an expert, or worse, I may be one of those scrappy players that reads disciplinary literature and asks embarrassingly pointed questions.  Or…

Well, let me not doddle. My bus arrives.  Let me get on board.

0117 As far back as anyone can remember, stalwarts of modern philosophy, such as Rene Descartes (1596-1650 AD) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), promote a naive universality to rationality that empowers charlatans (read: scrappy players), such as the memorable mouthpiece Kellyanne Conway (who stands for someone who lacks expertise), to lay claim to “alternate facts”.

Of course, these “alternate facts” do not sit well with the well-informed readers of the New York Times… er… I mean to say “the public”.  There is no need to explicitly formulate criteria whereby expert representatives of a right-minded “public”may set aside Conway’s claims as mere verbalizations that are both not legitimate and without merit.  Instead, this advocate sets forth the following proposition.

Free speech does not entail the right to an audience.

Oh, I suppose that explains the title of the philosophical opus in the Stone, “The Ignorant Do Not Have The Right To An Audience”.

0118 But, wait!  Stop the bus.

The inquirer will have to read the entire chapter in Fuller’s own excellent prose, because I have arrived at my destination.

Here is a picture of the resulting empirio-normative judgment.

0119 Norton offers an opportunity_1c.

Norton offers a way of talking about how to order the political world in the face of the these scrappy players, such as Kellyanne Conway (relation, thirdness) that brings observations that the scrappy player’s opinions are not righteousness(what is, firstness) into relation with a model for how to proceed (what ought to be, secondness).

How should the scientismist one_3c proceed?

Deny the scrappy player an audience.

This is Norton’s empirio-normative judgment_2c.

0120 Empirio-normative?

Yes, success_1c for the hybridization of the socialist one and the scientific one can be defined as a judgment that parodies the empirio-schematic judgment_2c.

For this reason, when a Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, a Queen of Empirio-Normativism, proclaims, “Trust the science.”, she is really saying, “Trust my judgment.”

0121 Chapter seven is titled, “Science As The Offer That Cannot Be Refused in the Post-Truth Condition”.

0122 How can this be?

Have you ever refused a gift?

I mean, like the gift of a famous politician’s trust in science?

Yeah, here is the gift_2c that is fashioned into legislation that defines “success”_2c in the post-truth condition.  Success_2c is more than merely achieving an actionable judgment_2c. Success_2c leads to actions that set the stage for normal people asking, “What is happening?_3a” in regards to the possibility that ‘something’ is happening_1a.  Success_2c opens a cognitive space_2a that is observed and measured_1b by experts_3b in the psychometric sciences of marketing and advocacy.

0123 As an aside, I ask, “Does the one of scientism_3c care whether its judgment_2c leads to human flourishing or immolation?”

I don’t think so.

If “trust the science” means “trusting the judgment of the Queen Bee”, then I definitely don’t think so.

0124 Okay, instead of that distraction about a gift, let me blunder forward with another aside, this time asking, “How does an empirio-normative judgment_2c serve as an interventional sign-vehicle (SV_i) whose sign-object is what people think is happening_2a (SO_i).

The question, “What is happening?”, appeals to the intellect_3a.  The intellect_3a associates to the interventional sign-interpretant (SI_i).

The issue of ‘something’ happening addresses the will_1a.  The will_1a also associates to the interventional sign-interpretant (SI_i).

125 So, while Fuller frames the offer_3c in terms of advertising and other ways that an expert can provide value by informing the scrappy player of options that are outside the cognitive space that the player is already familiar with, I frame the offer_2c in terms of a general structure for the empirio-normative judgment.

For example, the disciplinary language of journalism (relation, thirdness) brings a normative narrative (what ought to be,secondness) into relation with observations of what people say (what is, firstness).  

Not everything that people say is regarded as phenomena.  Only opinions that are (1) not metaphysical and (2) pertinent to the topic at hand are so regarded.

0126 Just like a scientific discovery_2c, the empirio-normative judgment_2c is an offer_2c, a gift_2c, that cannot be refused.   Especially, an empirio-normative judgment_2c cannot be refused once it is constellated as the purchase of a product or a legislative edict or decree.

0127 Of course, I_3a,1a face a choice.

On one hand, I_2a better get on the current paradigm bus if I want to be a certified expert_2b and receive the blessings of opportunity_1c.

On the other hand, I_2a should seek to understand the gift_2c that wants to transform my voice_2a into phenomena_2a that it can observe and measure_1b.

0128 On one hand, I may accommodate the domination of the empirio-normative judgment and adjust what I say to what experts desire to observe and measure.

On the other hand, I may… what?.. say what I think regardless of what is happening_3a and the potential of ‘something’ happening_1a, only to have my voice_2a simply disregarded as not phenomena_2a?

0129 Fuller offers the example of the potlatch tradition among tribes of the Pacific Northwest.  British colonizerssuppress the native tradition because it makes no sense at all.  Why spend your time hoarding all sorts of things, such as barrels of seal fat and thousands of smoked salmon filets, in order to destroy and eat them all in one gigantic and crazy fun party?  It’s like those damn French in New Orleans with their Mardi Gras.  The bean-counting experts of the British Empire will not have it.

I suppose that the downside of the potlatch tradition is that everyone gets trapped in a weird competition in regards to “honor”, requiring that each person assist one or another big-man in showing that my big-man can throw a more magnificent party than your big-man.

0130 So, in regards to an empirio-normative judgment_2c, here is the judgment of the Euro-centric administrators.

The disciplinary languages of the British colonizers (relation, thirdness) brings a normative narrative that the potlach tradition is an entrapment system (what ought to be, secondness) into relation with observations of claptrap about which big-man throws the best party (what is, firstness).

0131 Now, this actionable judgment makes sense in the post-truth fashion where two interrelated elements are contested.

‘What is’ and relation concern a contest between true and false, where “true” consists of British administrators’ observations and measurements of phenomena and “false” consists in all those opinions and facts than cannot be formalized through expert observations and measurements. Why?  Everything the natives say is rubbish about parties.

‘What ought to be’ and relation concern a contest over how the matter is to be decided.  The experts not only expect to have their way_1c, but them having their way_2c signals their virtue_2b, which is more “objective” than the “subjective” opinions and facts_2a that the experts might consider if they could accept them as ‘sensible enough to take into consideration’_1b.  Fuller indicates how the matter is to be decided in the title of chapter seven.  Science is the offer that cannot be refused in the post-truth condition.

Trust our empirio-normative judgments.

0132 In chapter eight, Fuller asks, “Will expertise survive?”

It depends on whether the current enlightenment god wins.

0133 To me, it is for Fuller to tell of the historical rise of expertise, as the appearance of an expert-level following the adoption of mechanical philosophies by northern Europe in the 1600s.  The sloganization of the Positivist’s judgmentfollows Immanuel Kant (1704-1804 AD) and occurs in the 1800s.

Here is a diagram of the Positivist’s judgment.

0134 The positivist intellect (relation, thirdness) brings the empirio-schematic judgment (what ought to be, secondness) into relation with phenomena, observable and measurable facets of their noumenon (what is, firstness).

In the empirio-schematic judgment, disciplinary language (relation, thirdness) brings mathematical and mechanical models (what ought to be, secondness) into relation with observations and measurements of phenomena (what is,firstness).

0135 The professionalization of expertise tracks right alongside the ascent of the Positivist’s judgment, especially in regards to the structure of the university in the West.  The normal context of an educational institution_3b brings the actuality of professional credentials_2b into relation with the possibility of ‘formalizing knowledge’_1b.

Positivist educational institutions_3b are not put into perspective by transcendentals, such as truth_3c, justice_3c, beauty_3c and other features of righteousness_3c.  Rather, they_3b are put into perspective by a relativist one_3c.

0136 Here is a picture.

I hope this looks familiar.

0137 Recall, at the start of Fuller’s effort, the reader is told that relativism makes sense for someone outside of all relativized jurisdictions.  One_3c must be outside of all jurisdictions in order to… um… judge them as a system of differences_3b.  In this regard, there is a divine sort of absolutism_3c that accompanies relativism_3b.  Does that make the relativist one_3c divine?  Does that make the one that occupies the perspective-level normal context into an enlightenment god?

0138 Say what?

For example, consider the two divine singularities that confront one another during the Third Battle among the Enlightenment Gods: The Cold War Among Materialist Ideologies (1945 to 1989 AD).

0139 The first is the capitalist one.  The capitalist one_3c is explicitly abstracted over the course of the 1700s and the 1800s as the one who makes the assessment as to whether an organization is viable or not.  Capital is like blood.  It is neither living nor dead.  Rather, it is undead.  It flows through the conduits that keep an organization alive.  And, that sounds both weird and morbid.

0140 Indeed, nineteenth century capitalist experts fixate on gold as the blood of finance.  Mercantilist institutions seek to accrue gold.  Gold is money.  Mercantilists strive to preserve the flow of gold, as well as flows of low-priced commodities into and high-priced manufactured items out of the country.  Mercantilists conduct transactions that keep their institutions alive.  They are in the business of markets, values and prices.  Each nation thinks that it can win in the capitalist system_3c.

The mercantilist world ends through its hubris and internal contradictions, in the First Battle of the Enlightenment Gods: The Tragic Battle among Naive Mercantilist Ideologies (1914-1918).

0141 The second is the socialist one.  The socialist one is explicitly abstracted over the course of the 1800s and 1900s as the one who puts the organization tier into perspective in terms of order and righteousness.  Order is the potential underlying sovereign power.  Righteousness is the potential underlying institutions.

Institutions are not the same as organizations.  Institutions put organizations into perspective.  See A Primer on How Institutions Think, by Razie Mah, available at smashwords and other e-book venues.

0142 The Second Battle of the Enlightenment Gods (1938-1945) starts as a fight between two socialist fraternal ideologies: fascism and communism.

0143 Fascism incubates from the fraternization of capitalist corporate dealers and state authorities.  State politicians are eager to perform market interventions for their corporate buddies.  Corporate expertise and political machinations go hand in glove.  Fascist politicians formulate socialist ideologies that justify such fraternal relations in terms of the brotherhood of the titans of state and business, or the brotherhood of the experts, or the brotherhood of the people united in their ethnic identity…

….anything but the brotherhood of communists.

0144 In contrast, communism is formulated by Karl Marx (1818-1883) as a Hegelian synthesis to the thesis of feudalismand the antithesis of capitalism.  Communism is adopted by reasonable people who want to be brothers in something,again.

In Christendom, people were brothers in Christ, which alienated Jews, even though Jesus the Christ is a Jew.  The history, to say the least, is complicated.

Plus, after the start of the so-called “Western Enlightenment”, some people no longer want to belong to any Christian faction.  The problem?  “Not religious” Christians want to congregate.  Alienated Jews no longer want to be alienated.  So, an easy solution is to unite former Christians and secular Jews as brothers in communism.  Communism provides order_3b, value_2b and righteousness_1b.  Plus, communism loves expertise.  The Western Enlightenment loves experts.  Communism thrives on socialist expertise.

0145 So, the Second Battle of the Enlightenment gods starts as fascism versus communism.  Then, American capitalists are drawn into the fray, not as friends of fascism, but as enemies of fascism.  Why?  Americans do not comprehend the cronyism and the kookiness of fascist socialist ideologies and they don’t have the expertise to understand communist socialist ideologies.  Plus, some Americans realize that they can make a lot of… you know… the undead blood of capitalism.  And, other Americans start to believe that capital_2c puts markets_3b, value_2b and prices_1b into perspective.

So, the Second World War divides into fascism versus capitalism and fascism versus communism.

After four years of conflict, leaving millions dead, the winners turn out to be the brothers in capitalist USA and the brothers in communist USSR.

0146 Thus, the stage is set for the Third Battle of the Enlightenment Gods (1945-1989) as a war between capitalist (USA) and socialist (USSR) expertise.

0147 At the end of this battle, both ideologies are severely wounded, yet remain alive, ghostlike, within expertise itself.

The post-truth condition takes center stage in 1989, with the inauguration of the Fourth Battle of Enlightenment Gods.

0148 In chapter eight, Fuller asks, “Will expertise survive?”

It depends on whether their enlightenment god wins.

0149 Originally, the capitalist one and the socialist one have two independent traditions of expertise.

With the glorification of the empirio-normative judgment, defining success_2c since 1989, these two traditions of expertisecelebrate what they have in common.  The contents of the questionable boxes of the capitalist one and the socialist onehybridize with the positivist cross.  The situation levels of the capitalist one and the socialist one enter into alliance with the empirio-schematic judgment unfolded into a category-based nested form.

0150 Now, the situation_b-level of two distinct relative ones_3b share a common epistemological structure_2b.  These deadly enemies now view the world in the same… um… fashion.

This is a radical proposition.

Both capitalist and socialist ideologies adopt the same empirio-schematic denkstyle.

0151 So, a question arises, “How does this examiner draw clues in Fuller’s text together into a simple relation?“

Here is one option.

The situation-level nested forms for both the capitalist one and the socialist one hybridize into a single intersection_2b.  So, the two former combatants_3b become two branches in service to the same deity_3c.

The disciplinary language of science_3b brings the intersection of capitalist and socialist approaches_2b into relation with the potential_1b of observations and measurements of the phenomena of what people say_2a.

0152 In America, the so-called “boomer generation” is trained to love either the capitalist one or the socialist one and to hate the other.  The boomer generation is born between say, 1945 and 1964, corresponding to the first half of the Cold War (1945-1989).  They endorse the broadcasts_2c of either the capitalist one_3c or the socialist one_3c.

So, the possibility that these two ideologies may join into two branches of a single deification is incredible.  It cannot be believed.  Pity the boomers, trapped in the cognitive bubble of the so-called “Cold War”.

0153 Yet, some boomers see it coming.  From 1964 on, one tactic of the capitalist one_3c has been to undermine the socialist one_3c (in communist jurisdictions) by offering a mimic of the socialist one (in capitalist jurisdictions).  The deal is initially called, “guns and butter”. “Guns” to fight the commies.  “Butter” to purchase votes for those inclined to fall in love with righteousness and order.

Success_2c, for the scientismist one_2c, entails the generation of actionable judgments_2c, by a centralizing state in favor of both “guns” (for capitalist experts) and “butter” (for socialist experts).   Opportunity_1c lies with a government that secures larger and larger implementations of expert-demanding activities, particularly in regards to engaging in international conflicts and resolving questions of housing, welfare and education.  In 2024, in the USA, one can earn a university degree_2b in “supply chains” as well as in “social work”.

0154 What does this imply?

Well, every purchase of Fuller’s book, A Player’s Guide to the Post-Truth Condition, indicates that people have difficulties with the one of scientism_3c.

But, postmodern experts are way ahead of the flock that they are shearing.

They have already patented the word, “woke”, as a parole for a university langue.

In this regard, see Looking at Gad Saad’s Book (2020) “The Parasitic Mind”, appearing in Razie Mah’s blog from April 11 to 29, 2023.

0155 As to whether postmodern expertise will survive in a scientismist world_3c, where both capitalist and socialist experts_3b convert the opinions, facts and experiences of everyday people_2a into phenomena_1b for value-extracting analysis_2b, the answer is obvious.

The one of scientism_3c is our current enlightenment god.

As long as this deity_3c rules, experts_3b need not fret.

Both capitalism and socialism operate under the imprimatur of the cross of scientism.

0156 In chapter nine, Fuller asks, “Will universities survive the post-truth condition?”

In the 1700s, philosophers and theologians run universities.

In the 1800s, scientists demand departments in universities.

By the end of the 1900s, the scientismist one dominates the universities so much that traditional fields such as philosophy, belles lettres, art, geometry, rhetoric, history, language, and theology are in decline.  Who needs these when no one reads, history is encapsulated in on-line “encyclopedias”, language translators are routine, and the route to opportunity_1c for someone in “the humanities” leads directly to so-called “public education” run by administrators that are experts in the psychometric sciences?

0157 The psychometric sciences?

Think business and journalism.

Think education and public relations.

Think expertise in capitalism and expertise in socialism.

0158 Although I rarely directly quote a work under examination, Fuller proves too eloquent not to reproduce a snippet.  Epistemologically, science is bought wholesale, for purposes of retail, not necessarily of consumption. Fuller continues, “Experts function to domesticate the more impressionable and diverse features of democracy…. Their modus operandisows the seeds of self doubt, so that people stop trusting their own judgment and instead defer to ‘those who know better’.  In effect, experts manage to convert knowledge (opinions, the stuff of what people say_2a) from a vehicle of personal empowerment to the great self-inhibitor (which, for the psychometric sciences, is value_2b).”

Okay, I could not help but to add my comments in parentheses.

0159 What are reasonable_3a,_1a people supposed to do when experts_3b regard common opinions and experiences_2a as phenomena_2a to be surveilled_1b then modeled_2b according to the disciplinary languages_3b of manipulation and propaganda… er… I mean to say… the psychometric sciences_3b?

0160 The reader may wonder, “Where does that term ‘psychometric science’ come from?”

Consider Looking at Joseph Farrell’s Book (2020) “The Tower of Babel Moment”, appearing in Razie Mah’s blog from December 26 through Dec 30, 2023.  The term is coined by Dr. Farrell.  The science of mind-manipulation is as old as our current Lebenswelt.

For our own modern Age of Ideas, I visualize three sciences, blossoming one after the other within the dynamics of the Positivist’s judgment, each fashioning its own variation of phenomena, that is, the fuel for the empirio-schematic judgment.

0161 So, what models_2b are used by the psychometric sciences_3b in order to arrive at an empirio-normative judgment_2c?

Oh yeah, the expert-levels of the former adversaries in the Third Battle of the Enlightenment Gods constitute a situation-level actuality_2b.

Here is a picture of the virtual nested form in the realm of actuality.

0162 A virtual nested form runs down a column in a three-level interscope.

For the virtual nested form in the category of secondness, the normal context of the empirio-normative judgment_2cvirtually brings an actuality composed of both capitalist and socialist paradigms_2b into relation with what the psychometric sciences regard as phenomena_1b(2a) (that is, the observable and measurable aspects_1b of what people are saying_2a).

An utterance such as, “Jesus is the King of kings.” is irrelevant as phenomena_2a.  Why?  How can that statement be modeled as value_2b in terms of a financial exchange or an organizational objective that a centralizing state can capitalize… or should I say, “socialize”… on?

An utterance such as, “Don’t let a crisis go to waste.” is relevant as phenomena_2a, since it can be modeled as value_2b in terms of both price and righteousness.

0163 What does this imply?

The great state-funded empirio-normative universities, whether they survive or not, face a research ethics problem.